President Hugo Chavez’s crusade to transform Venezuela into a socialist state, which has bitterly divided the nation, was put to the stiffest electoral test of his nearly 14 years in power on Sunday in a closely fought presidential election.
Both camps said turnout was high, with millions of Venezuelans casting ballots. Long lines formed at many polling centers, with queues of hundreds of voters snaking along sidewalks and around blocks in many parts of Caracas. Chavez said voting would likely run beyond its scheduled closing time of 6 p.m. local time due to the big turnout. Anyone in line at the official close is legally entitled to cast a ballot.
Chavez’s challenger, Henrique Capriles, united the opposition in a contest between two sides that distrust each other so deeply that some expressed concerns whether a close election result would be respected.
“We will recognize the results, whatever they are,” Chavez told reporters after casting his vote in Caracas.
Chavez was greeted at the polling center by American actor Danny Glover and Guatemalan Nobel Peace Prize laureate Rigoberta Menchu. He said he was pleased to see a “massive turnout.”
Capriles said after voting that the election had been free of violence.
“We’ve shown the world that we’re resolving our differences peacefully through the vote, as it should be,” Capriles said. He noted that he had never lost an election and said he was wearing his “lucky” brown suede shoes.
“Today Venezuela is going to win,” Capriles said. “We’re going to respect what the people say.”
The stakes in the country with the world’s largest known oil reserves couldn’t be higher.
If Chavez wins a new six-year term, he gets a free hand to push for an even bigger state role in the economy, further limit dissent and continue to befriend rivals of the United States.
With a Capriles win, an abrupt foreign policy shift can be expected, including halting preferential oil deals with allies such as Cuba, along with a loosening of state economic controls and an increase in private investment. A tense transition would likely follow until the January inauguration because Chavez’s political machine thoroughly controls the wheels of government.
Some Venezuelans were nervous about what might happen if disputes erupt over the election’s announced outcome.
“There’s a little anxiety on one side and also on the other,” said Deyanira Duarte, who voted for Capriles in downtown Caracas. She said she was worried about what could happen if there was a dispute over the results.
Others said they were simply pleased to be out backing their candidate.
Carlos Julio Silva, a bodyguard employed by a private security company, said whatever his faults, Chavez deserved re-election for helping people with programs including free medical care and public housing.
“There is corruption, there’s plenty of bureaucracy, but the people have never had a leader who cared about this country,” Silva said after voting for Chavez at a school in the Caracas slum of Petare. “That’s why the people are going to re-elect Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias.”
Chavez’s critics said the president has inflamed divisions by labeling his opponents “fascists,” `’Yankees” and “neo-Nazis,” while Chavez’s loyalists alleged Capriles would halt generous government programs that assist the poor.
Reveille blared from sound trucks around the capital to awaken voters early Sunday morning, and the bugle call was later replaced by folk music mixed with a recording of Chavez’s voice saying “those who love the homeland come with me.” At many polling places, voters started lining up hours before polls opened at dawn.
“I’m really tired of all this polarization,” said Lissette Garcia, a 39-year-old clothes seller and Capriles supporter who voted in the affluent Caracas district of Las Mercedes. “I want to reconnect with all my friends who are `Chavistas.”‘
Some said they waited in line for more than four hours to vote, while in other areas the lines moved more quickly.
Violence flared sporadically during the campaign, including shootings and rock-throwing during rallies and political caravans. Two Capriles supporters were shot to death in the western state of Barinas last weekend.
Troops guarded thousands of voting centers across the country.
Defense Minister Henry Rangel Silva said as he voted that all had been calm and he hoped that would continue. He said if any groups try to “disturb order, they should know there is an armed force prepared and equipped and trained … to put down any attempt at disturbances.”
He didn’t identify the groups to which he was referring.
Chavez’s opponents mounted a noisy protest in Caracas and other major cities Saturday night, beating pots and pans from the windows of their homes to show displeasure with the president — and also their hopes for change. Drivers on downtown streets honked horns, joining the din.
The 40-year-old Capriles, a wiry former governor affectionately called “Skinny” by supporters, infused the opposition with new optimism, and opinion polls pointed to him giving Chavez his closest election.
Some recent polls gave Chavez a lead of about 10 percentage points, while others put the two candidates about even.
Chavez spoke little during the campaign about his fight with cancer, which since June 2011 has included surgery to remove tumors from his pelvic region as well as chemotherapy and radiation treatment. He has said his most recent tests showed no sign of illness.
“Chavez is going to fight until his last breath. He doesn’t know how to do anything else,” said Antonio Padron, a bank employee backing the president. Padron expressed optimism that the 58-year-old Chavez would win but predicted a close finish: “It’s a tough fight. The opposition has never been this strong.”
Chavez won the last presidential vote in 2006 with 63 percent of the vote.
A former army paratroop commander first elected in 1999, Chavez has presided over an oil boom and has spent billions of dollars on social programs ranging from cash benefits for single mothers to free education.
But he has suffered declining support due to one of the world’s highest murder rates, 18 percent inflation, a deteriorating electrical grid and a bloated government accused of endemic corruption and mismanagement.
While his support has slipped at home, Chavez has also seen his international influence ebb since he emerged in the mid-2000s as leader of a like-minded club of newly elected Latin American leftist presidents.
Chavez accumulated near-absolute power over the past decade thanks to his control of the National Assembly, pliant institutions such as the Central Bank and friendly judges.
Capriles said Chavez has stirred up hatred, hobbled the economy by expropriating private businesses and squandered oil wealth. He criticized Chavez’s preferential deals supplying oil to allies, including one that lets Cuba pay with the services of Cuban doctors.
At one voting center in western Zulia state, in the municipality of Santa Rita, voters said some people had actually formed two separate lines — one with Chavez supporters and the other with Capriles supporters. Elsa Gutierrez, a housewife and Capriles supporter, said it was wrong to have two lines and feared it could lead to conflicts.
“This situation can’t be permitted,” Gutierrez said, adding that she voted for Capriles “because I want this division in my country to end.”
Political analyst Ricardo Sucre said he expected the election to show “two halves, more or less even.” Regardless of the result, he said, Venezuelans are likely to remain deeply divided by politics for years to come.
